When a Journalist Becomes a “Hybrid Threat”

The Administrative Erasure of Hüseyin Doğru

Europe prides itself on being the global capital of press freedom.

And yet, in 2025, the Council of the European Union placed a German journalist under sanctions using a legal regime originally designed to counter Russian destabilisation.

The journalist:

The legal instrument used against him:

Council Regulation (EU) 2024/2642
Concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia’s destabilising activities
CELEX: 32024R2642
Council Decision (CFSP) 2024/2643
Restrictive measures framework (Common Foreign and Security Policy)
CELEX: 32024D2643
Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2021
(3 October 2025 – listing amendment including Doğru)
CELEX: 32025R2021

These are not criminal statutes.
They are foreign-policy instruments.

And under them, a journalist inside the European Union was designated as supporting destabilising activities.

What the Official Listing Says

According to the Official Journal entry (Annex to Implementing Regulation 2025/2021), the Council states that Doğru:

“systematically spread false information on politically controversial subjects”

disseminated “narratives of radical Islamic terrorist groups such as Hamas”

and supports actions by the Russian Federation “undermining stability and security in the Union.”

The listing connects him to AFA Medya A.Ş. and its platform “RED,” alleging structural links to Russian state propaganda networks.

No criminal conviction is cited.
No judicial ruling is referenced.

The authority invoked is administrative — adopted by the Council under Article 29 TEU and Article 215 TFEU.

What the Sanctions Legally Do

Under Regulation (EU) 2024/2642 (CELEX: 32024R2642), the measures include:

Asset freeze
Prohibition on making funds or economic resources available
Travel ban

Article 2 of the Regulation establishes the asset freeze mechanism.
Article 3 prohibits making funds available to listed individuals.

This means:

Bank accounts are frozen.
Third parties risk penalties if they provide funds.
Travel within or through EU territory is restricted.

The language is the same used for oligarchs and foreign intelligence operatives.

Now applied to a journalist.

Parliamentary Scrutiny

The listing did not pass quietly.

Members of the European Parliament formally questioned the Council regarding:

Which Member State proposed the listing
What concrete evidence links Doğru to Russian hybrid operations
What specific destabilising acts were documented

These questions were submitted under Parliamentary Question reference P-10-002725/2025.

The mere existence of that question confirms institutional unease.

Satire Writes Itself

Europe lectures the world about freedom of the press.

Brussels condemns authoritarian states for freezing journalists’ assets.

And yet, through CELEX 32025R2021, it administratively freezes a journalist’s financial existence without trial.

No courtroom.
No cross-examination.
No jury.

Just a Council vote.

This is not criminal law.
It is executive designation.

The official reasoning frames protest coverage and Gaza reporting as components of “hybrid destabilisation.”

One might ask:

Is European democracy so fragile that journalism threatens its structural integrity?

Or is the greater destabilisation the normalisation of executive blacklisting without judicial process?

The EU says this protects stability.

But stability secured by freezing speech begins to resemble something else:

Administrative repression — clean, quiet, bureaucratic.

No midnight knock at the door.

Just a bank card that stops working.

Signed in Brussels.

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