On a cold February evening in 2026, 18-year-old Zeeshan Afzal was stabbed to death in the parking lot of , near . He had just prayed. He had just stood shoulder to shoulder with other worshippers in Ramadan — the month of mercy, of restraint, of forgiveness. Minutes later, he lay bleeding in the dark. Police have said the investigation is ongoing and that the killing is not currently being treated as religiously motivated. That is an important and responsible clarification. Motive must be established by evidence, not emotion. And yet. Across Muslim communities in Britain and Europe, the question whispers through homes and WhatsApp groups alike: Are we safe? Even at the mosque? The Atmosphere We Cannot Ignore Even when a specific case is not officially labeled a hate crime, it unfolds within a larger social climate. And that climate matters. Across Europe, reports of anti-Muslim hate crimes have surged in recent years. Mosques vandalized. Women in hijab harassed. Musl...
Sambhal and the Architecture of Majoritarian Power: From Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh to Narendra Modi.
In the city of Sambhal, the future of India is being rehearsed in plain sight. Three-quarters of the city’s 300,000 residents are Muslim. Yet today, many say they live as if under occupation — their public religious life curtailed, their protests criminalized, their grief surveilled. The spark was a legal challenge to the 16th-century Shahi Jama Masjid , a mosque that Hindu nationalists claim was built over a sacred Hindu site. After a court-ordered archaeological survey, tensions exploded. Police fired tear gas and live rounds. Families say at least five people were killed. Hundreds were booked. Thousands were listed as “unnamed accused,” a legal cloud that can expand at will. Internet shut down. City sealed. Dissent crushed. Sambhal is not an anomaly. It is a method. The Ideological Spine: Hindutva and the RSS To understand Sambhal, one must understand the ideological infrastructure behind it. The (RSS), founded in 1925, promotes Hindutva — the idea that India is fun...