The recent discourse around Israel's Haredi (ultra-Orthodox) community and their military exemption has intensified, especially in light of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) being stretched thin by ongoing security crises. Prominent voices like Yossi Alpher criticize the Haredi community’s stance, framing their non-participation in the IDF as problematic, particularly given their substantial state funding.
1. Government Funding for Torah Study:
The Israeli government allocates significant funds for Torah study, reflecting the influence of ultra-Orthodox parties within the ruling coalition. The recent budget included an additional 250 million shekels (about $67.5 million) specifically for Haredi men studying in yeshivas instead of working, alongside longstanding subsidies. This budget expansion sparked widespread protests, as many citizens feel the funds should instead support general welfare and military personnel under strain.
2. Child Allowances for Ultra-Orthodox Families:
Beyond educational subsidies, large Haredi families receive additional child allowances. These funds are meant to offset the costs associated with raising children in a society where families often have multiple children. In a recent vote, the government supported child allowance adjustments to cater to ultra-Orthodox demographics, whose community represents nearly 14% of Israel’s Jewish population and has a higher birth rate than the national average.
3. Population Growth and Socioeconomic Impact:
The ultra-Orthodox population in Israel is around 1.3 million, and their numbers are rapidly growing. The higher birth rate combined with relatively low workforce participation, particularly among Haredi men (with only about 51% working), has increased poverty levels in this community to roughly 44%, compared to 22% in the general population. This dynamic places an economic strain on the state and highlights the broader societal debate over the distribution of state resources and the expectations of civic participation through military service.
The debate remains contentious as many in Israel advocate for policy shifts to either reduce financial benefits for those who refuse military service or encourage integration of Haredim into both the IDF and the workforce, potentially using financial incentives to shift current practices.
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