Skip to main content

Global Trade Dynamics: The Rise of Non-Dollar Currencies

 De-Dollarization Overview

De-dollarization refers to the process where countries reduce their reliance on the US dollar for international trade and reserves. This shift has been accelerated due to several key geopolitical and economic factors, including the Russo-Ukrainian war, U.S. monetary policy, and rising multipolarity in global geopolitics.

Key Drivers of De-Dollarization

1. Geopolitical Shifts:
Russo-Ukrainian War: The sanctions imposed by Western countries, particularly on Russia, have forced it to seek alternatives to the U.S. dollar. Russia has expanded trade in local currencies (like the ruble and yuan) with key partners like China and India.
US Sanctions and Trade Wars: Countries facing sanctions (such as Iran, Venezuela, and North Korea) are seeking alternative currencies or methods to circumvent dollar-based transactions. This has bolstered efforts for de-dollarization, particularly in the case of Russia and China.


2. Fed Interest Rate Hikes/Cuts:
The Federal Reserve's changes in interest rates significantly affect global economies. For instance, rising rates (as in 2022-2023) strengthen the dollar, making it costlier for emerging markets to repay dollar-denominated debts. This increases demand for alternatives to the dollar in international trade and reserves.


3. Rising U.S. Debt and Inflation Concerns:
Concerns over the sustainability of the U.S. fiscal position and rising inflation have made many countries wary of being too reliant on the dollar.


4. Emerging Global Alliances:

Countries like China, Russia, India, and Brazil (key members of BRICS) are increasingly promoting the use of their local currencies in bilateral trade. For instance, China is actively encouraging the yuan's use in global markets, with initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) involving yuan-based loans.


5. Digital Currencies and Blockchain:
The rise of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and blockchain technology is providing alternative frameworks for conducting international trade without relying on traditional payment systems, which are dominated by the U.S. dollar.



Countries Trading in Non-Dollar Currencies
Several countries have actively begun or accelerated their use of alternative currencies in trade, especially in recent years:

Russia and China: Both countries are leading the de-dollarization trend. A significant portion of their bilateral trade is conducted in rubles and yuan.
India: India has signed agreements with Russia and Iran to trade in local currencies, avoiding the U.S. dollar. India also trades oil with Russia in non-dollar terms.

Iran: Due to heavy sanctions, Iran has long sought alternatives to the U.S. dollar. It engages in barter, gold-based, or non-dollar currency trade, including using cryptocurrencies.

Brazil: In 2023, Brazil and Argentina proposed a common South American currency for trade, aiming to reduce dollar dependence in the region.

Argentina and Saudi Arabia: In 2023, Argentina began settling some trades with China using yuan, while Saudi Arabia has expressed willingness to accept currencies other than the dollar for oil sales.

ASEAN Nations: Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, are increasingly trading in local currencies or using regional arrangements to bypass the dollar.

Available Data on Non-Dollar Trade
As of recent years, there has been an observable increase in global trade and reserves held in currencies other than the U.S. dollar:
The U.S. dollar's share of global reserves has declined from about 70% in the early 2000s to around 58% in 2023.
The euro accounts for about 20% of global reserves, while the Chinese yuan has grown to around 3-5% in recent years. Although still small, the yuan's share is rising, particularly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) have openly discussed creating a BRICS currency for trade, while pushing for local currency use in bilateral deals. Currently, these countries conduct a growing portion of their intra-BRICS trade in non-dollar currencies.

Bilateral Agreements in Local Currencies
Several bilateral agreements have been established to trade in local currencies. Some key examples include:
Russia and India: Russia sells oil to India in rubles, and the two countries have trade settlements in Indian rupees.
China and Russia: Nearly two-thirds of their bilateral trade is conducted in rubles and yuan.
Iran and China: The two countries trade in euros, yuan, or other local currencies instead of dollars.

Rise of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)
Countries like China (Digital Yuan) and Russia (Digital Ruble) are experimenting with CBDCs. These digital currencies could bypass SWIFT, the global financial system dominated by the U.S. dollar, and facilitate cross-border trade in a secure and efficient manner.
China has already expanded the use of its digital yuan domestically and has started cross-border tests with partners.
The European Union and other major economies like India are also considering launching CBDCs, which may facilitate cross-border transactions in non-dollar currencies.

Implications for Global Markets
1. Shift in Global Reserve Composition:
As more countries reduce their dollar dependence, we may see a continued decline in the dollar's share of global reserves, potentially increasing volatility in global currency markets.


2. Diversification of Trade and Investment:
Emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) are increasingly looking to hedge their risks by diversifying their foreign reserves into euros, yuan, and even gold, reducing dollar dominance in their financial systems.


3. Bilateral Trade Strengthened:
Trade among regional blocs (e.g., BRICS, ASEAN) will strengthen, with greater reliance on local currencies and currency swap arrangements. Regional trade alliances like the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) will also boost non-dollar trade in Asia.



Challenges and Obstacles
Entrenchment of the U.S. Dollar: Despite de-dollarization efforts, the U.S. dollar remains the most liquid, stable, and widely accepted currency in international trade.

Lack of Trust in Alternatives: Currencies like the yuan or ruble still face trust deficits in international markets due to governance, liquidity, and transparency concerns.
Infrastructure for Alternatives: The global financial infrastructure (e.g., SWIFT) is deeply entrenched in the U.S. dollar. While there are alternatives like CIPS (China’s cross-border payment system), they are not yet widely adopted.

Conclusion
While de-dollarization is gaining momentum, particularly in geopolitical hotspots and among countries seeking independence from U.S. economic influence, it will likely be a gradual process. The U.S. dollar's dominance is deeply rooted in global trade, finance, and reserve systems. However, the increasing use o
f non-dollar currencies in trade and the rise of CBDCs are setting the stage for a more multipolar currency landscape.


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

💔 One Eye for Gaza: Hannah Thomas and the Price of Speaking Truth

🖋️ By Malik Mukhtar 📍 ainnbeen.blogspot.com | 🗓️ June 29, 2025 She stood on the pavement—Hannah Thomas, lawyer, activist, former Greens candidate. She stood—holding no weapon, only a banner and a conscience. She stood—outside a factory that allegedly helps plate the steel for F-35 jets now raining hell on Gaza. And for that—Australian police slammed her to the ground. Now, she may never see from her right eye again. Let that sentence burn into your mind: “She may lose her sight—for standing against genocide.” 🇵🇸 In Gaza, Eyes Are Lost Forever In Gaza, there are no surgeons left for eyes. Eyes are buried beneath concrete. Eyes were starved shut. Eyes were blinded by phosphorus, smoke, dust. Children in Gaza have forgotten what it means to look up without fear. And still, the bombs fall. From October 7, 2023 to now, tens of thousands dead—many torn apart by American-made weapons, polished and prepped by foreign contractors. The livestream genocide has not stopped. The...

🏗️ Corporate Complicity in Genocide: The Global Economy Behind Gaza’s Ruin.

📅 July 5, 2025 “We are witnessing not just genocide in Gaza—but a genocide made profitable.” — UN Special Rapporteur, A/HRC/59/23 “This report is written from the heart of darkness . It is penned with a broken hand from a broken land for a broken people . But its words are not broken . They are the words of law and of longing . They are the words of those who are not yet silenced . It is written for Palestinians , first and foremost. It is also addressed to those who remain silent , indifferent or complicit . And it is a call to action for those who are not.” — Introduction, UN Report A/HRC/59/23 In an unprecedented and unflinching report to the UN Human Rights Council, the Special Rapporteur on the Occupied Palestinian Territory has laid bare the truth that much of the world’s corporate, academic, and financial architecture is actively complicit in Israel’s occupation, apartheid, and now, genocide in Gaza. This isn’t just about military aggression . This is about the mac...

🕯️ The Day Tel Aviv Trembled: Iran’s Missiles and the Crumbling Illusion of Invincibility

  By ainnbeen.blogspot.com For decades, Israel projected an image of invulnerability— a fortress powered by American billions , state-of-the-art missile defenses, and a myth of unmatched military precision. But in a chilling shift, that illusion is cracking. As Iranian missiles rained down on Tel Aviv, not through proxies but directly from Tehran, the world witnessed what was once unthinkable: the heart of Israel under direct attack, air-raid sirens wailing , embassies shuttered , and diplomats fleeing. This isn’t just a military development —it’s a political earthquake . And it exposes deep fractures in Israel’s defense doctrine, regional strategy, and perhaps most importantly —its belief that it could strike without consequence. 🔥 1. Iranian Missiles Hit Tel Aviv: The Strike That Shattered Complacency In what appears to be retaliation for Israel’s continuous sabotage campaigns — nuclear facility strikes , assassinations of IRGC commanders — Iran unleashed a salvo...

"Globalize the Intifada”—Or How to Offend Power by Naming Its Crimes

  📰 The New York Times and the Art of Grieving Selectively ✍️ By Malik Mukhtar 📍 ainnbeen.blogspot.com 📅 July 2, 2025 Bret Stephens is upset. Again. Apparently, he’s still recovering from Café Moment. And Passover in Netanya. And that one horrific morning in 2004 when he saw carnage on Azza Street. And he has every right to grieve those losses. Every human does. But here’s the thing: Some corpses get columns. Others get erased. Stephens, perched on the prestigious opinion page of The New York Times , just spent a full-length sermon condemning Zohran Mamdani—not for what he said, but for what he refused to denounce: the phrase “ globalize the intifada.” According to Bret, refusing to ritually cleanse your political career with the holy water of pro-Israel respectability is now akin to blessing bus bombings. What “ globalize the intifada” really means, Mr. Stephens, is refusing to accept a world where genocide is livestreamed, and the world just shrugs. It means dari...

🇮🇷🇺🇸 Iran’s Missile Strikes on U.S. Bases | June 23, 2025 Operation Tidings of Victory

📍 What Happened On the evening of June 23 , around 8:00 p.m. local time (17:00 UTC) , Iran launched a coordinated missile attack on multiple U.S. military sites: Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar : ~10 missiles launched. Explosions were heard over Doha. Qatar’s air defense systems intercepted several. U.S. outposts in Iraq : Specific bases were hit; names have not been officially disclosed. Mentions of the U.S. Consulate in Erbil and sites in Kuwait : Reports are unconfirmed regarding direct hits in Kuwait. 📉 Damage & Casualties No confirmed U.S. fatalities or serious injuries reported. Damage appears limited to infrastructure: some runways, radar systems, tents, and non-critical equipment were affected. Qatar successfully intercepted multiple missiles. No civilian injuries have been reported in Doha. In Iraq and Kuwait , initial assessments indicate no significant troop harm . 📌 Background & Context The attack is seen as a retaliatory strike by Iran for...